couth manner of his day to Jerusalem, to arrive there just in time to meet his death. Samuel B. Simon in the 13th century was accorded permission by the governor of Jerusalem to visit the cave of Mach- pelah at Hebron: and it was on his invitation that 300 rabbis journeyed from France and England into Palestine. Pilgrims became so numerous, that the governor of Palestine deemed it necessary to issue a warning against them. With the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, in 1492, however, the exiles wended their way towards the east, and made many settlements in Turkish territory. Pilgrimages to Jerusalem in- ceased in number. But in the later years they were made from philanthropic motives as well as religious ones. Many Jewish intellectuals and financiers journeyed to Palestine for the purpose of studying the land, and seeing what opportunities it offered to their af- flicted brethren in exile. Of such a dual nature were the visits of Moses Montifiore in the 19th century. He made no less than seven journeys to the Holy Land, diffusing the sympathy of his heart, and distribu- ting the bounties of his purse to the neglected and poverty-stricken. Pilgrimages to Palestine to worship there and await death, mingling with the sacred soil, are still numerous, and not a few set out with the hope burning in their hearts that possibly God might show in his infinite mercy the redemption in their day, and permit their eyes to behold the Messiah.
(To be contnued.)
A REPLY FROM THE CO-OPERATIVE SETTLEMENT SOCIETY TO MAX NORDAU
(The following statement has been issued by Dr. M. I. Bordenheimer in reply to criticisms made by Dr. Max Nordau in his speech delivered in Paris, March 19, 1914.)
In the Welt of 3rd of April the report of a speech by Dr. Nordau at a meeting in Paris on the 19th of March was published in which inter alia he is said to have expressed himself on the state of the Co-operative Settlement Society in Merchawjah as follows : "At the Hamburg Congress the cry was: the Co-operative Settlement Society. The enthusiasm was enormous. After Oppenheimer's paper was read, 100,000.-frs. the sum which was declared to be necessary, were given —on paper. Afterwards to be sure only 25,000. frs. were paid in Then an energetic propaganda work was undertaken, to raise the necessary sum. After two years of working and working great success was
announced when first 80,000 then 100,000 and finally 125,000 frs. had been collected. The money was spen as was proper, and we more. The official reports have become silent. What we hear otherwise is little encouraging. The undertaking is a failure. We are given the answer: It had to be undertaken; had it been successful, the foundations would have been assured for a colonization on a broad basis. We have had no success but the illusion of working. Our sacrifices are without result."
We cannot imagine that these remarks are authentic, since we are accustomed to expect from our master Nordau that he make himself thoroughly acquainted with things before he criticises them, while the managers of the Co-operative Settlement Society have had up to the present no opportunity of corresponding with Dr. Nordau on its present condition. The criticism reported above must surprise us the more, seeing that the Co-operative Settlement